The study was conducted in four phases. In the first phase, cities that had experienced gang migration were identified through a questionnaire sent to law enforcement agencies in 1,105 cities. The number included all 190 U.S. cities with populations over 100,000 and a number of smaller cities and towns. "Candidate" cities also were obtained from law enforcement contacts, researchers, and survey respondents. Ninety-two percent of the police departments contacted responded to the survey. The 480 cities in which at least 10 migrants arrived the past year became the basis for the law enforcement interview part of the study (phase 2). Interviews were conducted in 226 of these cities4 and produced the detailed descriptions of gang migrant characteristics, crime patterns, and law enforcement responses. The telephone interviews with community respondents in a sample of 42 of these cities constituted the third phase. The case studies of three cities, selected as exemplars of three patterns of gang migration, comprised the fourth and final phase of the study. The cities were Lawndale and Napa, California, and Milwaukee.
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