List of Tables
.
.
...
vii
List of Figures
..
...
...
viii
List of Photos
..
..
...
x
Chapter 1 Introduction
1
Problem Statement
....
..9
Organization of Study
........
..................
12
Chapter 2 Gangs, Graffiti, and Territoriality
...
.
.....
.13
Graffiti
....
............
....13
Graffiti Typologies..
......15
Political Graffiti
....15
Existential Graffiti
.17
Tagging
..
..20
Piecing
23
Gang Graffiti
..
..
..
.26
Style of Gang Graffiti
...27
Symbolism in Gang Graffiti
.
....
..29
Sentiments Communicated through Gang Graffiti...
37
Group and Individual Identity
.
.
..39
Graffiti as Territorial Markers
.
...40
Territoriality
.
...
..
43
Research on Human Territoriality
...
.
44
Territorial Tendencies and Gang Graffiti
....
..49
Research on Gang Territoriality
......
.50
Chapter 3 Data Collection and Methodology
.
......
60
Gang Structure
..
.60
Methods of Collecting Gang Territory Data
....
.62
Gangs in 1996
64
Police Data of Black Gangs in 1972
.....
..
66
Steve Jablonskys Gang Territories of 1978
..
..66
Chapter 4 Black Gangs in Los Angeles: Historical
Background
..
71
Post WW II to 1965
....
...72
Socio-Political Period, 1965-1970.
..
....80
Gang Resurgence, 1970-1972
.
.
..
.
.89
Chapter 5 Spatial and Temporal Analysis of
Gang Territories
.
..........97
Number of Gangs in Los Angeles over Time
..
........97
Territorial Size Variation Over Time
.
.....
100
The Eastside
...
.
.112
Westside
Territories
...
...114
Explanation
of Size Variation
...
...
...117
Los
Angeles Gangs in Suburban areas
..
.121
Boundaries of Gang Territories
...
...
.132
Chapter 6 Gang Graffiti, Boundaries of Territories,
and Homicides
.....
.142
Mapping Aggressive Graffiti
.
...
...143
Aggressive Graffiti Results
..
........144
Determining Crime Spaces
.
.....
....146
Homicide Data
....147
Results of Crime Analysis
...
.....150
Conclusion and Future Research
..
........153
Chapter 7 Conclusion
.......
.
...155
Summary of Findings
.....
..
155
Historical Conclusion
..
....
.155
Temporal and Spatial Conclusion
..
..
....
.157
Aggressive
Graffiti and Crime Analysis
.
.......
.158
Suggestions for Future Research
.
......
160
Bibliography
.
........162
Appendices
.......
.
...170
Appendix 1 Black Gangs in Los Angeles, 1972
............
..171
Appendix 2 Blood Gangs in Los Angeles, 1978
.
.
....172
Appendix 3 Crip Gangs in Los Angeles, 1978
.....
....173
Appendix 4 Blood Gangs in Los Angeles, 1982
.
....
..174
Appendix 5 Crip Gangs in Los Angeles, 1982
.........175
Appendix 6 Blood Gangs in Los Angeles, 1996
.
..178
Appendix 7 Crip Gangs in Los Angeles County, 1996
..........180
Territoriality Among African-American Street Gangs in Los Angeles Copyright © 1999
